Language plays a critical role in shaping our perceptions, and nowhere is this more evident than in discussions surrounding disability. As our understanding of disability continues to evolve, so does the terminology used to describe it. Using appropriate language is key to fostering inclusivity, respect, and dignity for people with disabilities.
Inclusive Language: Why It Matters
The words we choose to describe disabilities can either reinforce harmful stereotypes or promote understanding. Historically, terms like “handicapped” were used to label people with disabilities. However, such words have become outdated and are often considered offensive. Today, we aim to use more person-first language, which emphasizes the person rather than the disability. According to the National Center on Disability and Journalism (NCDJ), person-first language is the gold standard. For example, instead of saying “the handicapped” or “the disabled,” it is more appropriate to say “people with disabilities.” This approach humanizes the individual rather than reducing them to their condition.
“Fostering Inclusivity Through Language” – Dr. Musunuri
Understanding Disability Terminology
IDD vs. ID/D
One key area where language has evolved is in the terminology used to describe intellectual and developmental disabilities. The preferred term, Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), is used by leading organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and The Arc. It encompasses a broad range of conditions, including autism and other developmental disorders. The term IDD is considered more inclusive and is gaining widespread use, while older terms like ID/D (Intellectual Disability/Developmental Disability) are being phased out.
- Yes: IDD
- No: ID/D
Disorder vs. Condition
Another important linguistic shift involves the replacement of terms like “disorder”, “impairment,” “abnormality” and “special” with less judgmental alternatives. Describing someone as having a “disorder” can imply a sense of abnormality or deficiency. A more neutral term is “condition”, which avoids negative connotations and respects the individual’s experience without casting judgment. For example, instead of saying someone has a “behavioral disorder,” we can say they have a “behavioral health condition.” This subtle change promotes a more respectful dialogue.
- Yes: Condition
- No: Disorder, Abnormality, Impairment, Special
Mental Health vs. Behavioral Health
In line with more respectful and inclusive language, Woods Healthcare prefers the term behavioral health over mental health. While mental health is a component of behavioral health, the broader term encompasses more than just mental illness, including substance use treatment and behavioral challenges. The term behavioral health is also less stigmatizing, avoiding the negative connotations often associated with the word “mental.”
- Yes: Behavioral Health
- No: Mental Health
Special Needs vs. Disabilities
The phrase special needs has been widely used for decades, but disability advocates have increasingly recognized it as outdated and, in some cases, derogatory. Instead of using the term “special needs,” the preferred term is disabilities. This shift recognizes that people with disabilities should not be viewed as “special” or different from others in a way that marginalizes them.
- Yes: Disabilities
- No: Special Needs
Nonverbal vs. Nonspeaking
The language used to describe communication is also evolving. While nonverbal has been widely used to describe individuals who do not use spoken language, advocates are now encouraging the use of nonspeaking. The term nonspeaking recognizes that while a person may not speak, it does not mean they cannot understand language or communicate in other ways.
- Yes: Nonspeaking
- No: Nonverbal
Neurodivergent and Neurotypical
When discussing cognitive differences, the terms neurodivergent and neurotypical have gained prominence. Neurodivergent refers to people whose brains work differently, encompassing a range of conditions including autism, ADHD, Tourette Syndrome, and dyslexia. Neurotypical is the term for people whose brain development and function fall within what is considered the standard range. These terms promote a strengths-based perspective, focusing on the diversity of human cognition rather than viewing conditions as deficits.
- Yes: Neurodivergent, Neurotypical
- No: Normal, Abnormal
People Served vs. Patients
At Woods Healthcare, individuals receiving care are referred to as people served, rather than patients or consumers. This language emphasizes the person-centered approach that Woods takes in providing care, recognizing the dignity and autonomy of each individual. In some contexts, organizations may still use “clients,” but the term “patients” is often discouraged as it can imply a medicalized view of the individual.
- Yes: People served
- No: Patients, Consumers
Guidelines for Using Disability Terminology
To ensure sensitivity and accuracy when discussing disabilities, it’s important to rely on guidelines from trusted organizations. For example, the NIH Style Guide and the CDC’s disability communication materials both stress the importance of using person-first language and avoiding terms that could be perceived as judgmental or stigmatizing. By following these guidelines and staying informed about evolving terminology, we can foster a more inclusive environment where people with disabilities are respected and valued for who they are.
The language surrounding disabilities is constantly changing as we learn more about how to be inclusive and respectful. At Woods Healthcare, we prioritize the use of terms that reflect this evolution, focusing on person-first language and avoiding outdated, stigmatizing words. By choosing words carefully, we can contribute to a more respectful and compassionate dialogue around disability. Learn more about Woods Healthcare here.
